Evaluating effect of fat, sugar and flour substitutes on properties of white slice dairy bread

Abstract

Improving nutritional profile food is a growing area of interest in the food industry, due to there being a raising awareness toward healthy foods. Furthermore, knowledge about the relationship between food, its physiological function and diseases is increasing, particularly in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer [1, 2, 3, 4]. Therefore, food industry works with healthcare professionals, scientific community, government, and media in order to ensure that the public has accurate information on healthy food [5]. Accordingly, the improvement of the nutritional quality of bread represents an interesting alternative to accompany the planning of food policies for healthy lifestyles, due bread is one of the most consumed food products in the world, in Argentina 70 it being kg / inhab / year [6]. Particularly white slice dairy bread (WSDB) is the most important industrial bread consumed in Argentina, and it contains fat and sugar in its formulation, resulting in an interesting target to reduce calory content. Knowing the functions and responses of substitutes in dough, it is very important to establish when reducing or removing it from the baking products. Substitutes result in the induction of different bread properties; hence, these effects study should be considered in order to preserve the original quality parameters required for bread production. Bread may be successfully prepared with a reduction of fat, sugar and flour, this modification may fit into many calorie-restricted diets and the product will be similar than the unmodified original counterpart. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the effect of fat, sugar and flour substitution on fermentative and rheological properties on flour and then on WSDB. Toler Fat Less Saladas (TFLS) as fat substitute, Granofiber Sweet (GS) as sugar substitute, Granofiber Sym 200 (GS200) as flour substitute, were respectively tested in order to validate their replacement capabilities to formulate bread with better nutritional quality than originally formulated. Manuscript is organized as follows. Section I contains the introduction of the background of this investigation. Section II focuses in the process involved in the bread production and the properties of each stage. Section III provides an explanation on the determination of the fermentative and rheological properties of flour and bread formulations, including preparation of bread and bread baking quality. Section IV discusses the effects of substitutes on flour and bread properties. Section V provides the concluding remarks.