Material compuesto de plástico reciclado en la producción de perfilería para aberturas.
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2020
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Abstract
La presente investigación realiza un análisis de diferentes visiones teóricas sobre la tecnología, sus implicancias y limites, para determinar un marco teórico para el desarrollo tecnológico. En este caso aportar a la idea de las tecnologías sociales (TS) para un contexto inclusivo. A su vez, se propone el desarrollo de un material compuesto por plásticos reciclados de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) evaluando su comportamiento, hasta obtener una formulación óptima y apta para su aplicación a la producción de prefilería para aberturas de construcción. El rubro de aberturas es actualmente central en la construcción del hábitat, por el impacto que genera en el consumo energético de los edificios y su costo económico. Pero es un tema
infrecuente en la investigación en materiales de construcción, siendo relegado su desarrollo a las aplicaciones de la gran industria o high tech
El material compuesto obtenido, a partir de polímeros plásticos de residuos 100% con una técnica de extrusión/inyección de simple aplicación, evidenció valores de resistencia mecánica mayores a 30 MPa en ensayos a compresión y 20 MPa a flexión, verificando a la normativa aplicable. A su vez, con el agregado de un 10% de aditivos ignífugos y carga mineral, fue un material autoextingible en ensayos de comportamiento al fuego, verificando en el nivel máximo.
Finalmente, con el estudio del desempeño de prototipos fabricados, se obtuvieron resultados positivos de conductividad térmica, menor a perfiles comerciales comparables, y de estanqueidad al agua y al aire. También pudo verificarse, la aplicación positiva de las técnicas de carpintería tradicionales a los nuevos perfiles producidos. Los prototipos fueron fabricados, así como la matricería utilizada en el proceso, con técnicas de fabricación sencillas, al alcance de productores del sector local, del reciclado de los plásticos y de las carpinterías de aberturas. Estas y otras decisiones técnicas que se tomaron en el proceso, son la base para el desarrollo de una TS en una futura etapa. La presente tesis aporta el análisis de numerosas variables del desarrollo tecnológico y plantea una tecnología de código técnico abierto, que podrá complementarse en una producción a mayor escala de componentes, con los aportes futuros generados.
The present research carries out an analysis of different theoretical visions on technology, its implications and limits, to determine the guidelines from which objectives for technological development are proposed. In this case, contribute to the idea of social technologies (ST) for inclusive context. In this way, the development of a composite material of recycled plastics from urban solid waste (MSW) is proposed, evaluating its behavior, to obtain an optimal compound that can be applied to pre-profiling production for windows frames. Windows design and technology, is currently central in the construction industry, on account of its impact on building energy consumption and economic cost. But it is an infrequent subject in the construction materials research field, and its development is relegated to the applications of the great industry or high tech. The composite material obtained, from 100% waste plastic polymers with a simple extrusion/injection technique, shows sufficient mechanical resistance values, raising 30 MPa in compression tests and 20 MPa in flexion, verifying the applicable regulations. In turn, the material achieved a self-extinguishing behavior in fire resistance tests, verifying at the normative maximum level, with the addition of 10% fire retardant and other mineral additions. Finally, positive results were obtained in the study on window prototypes performance, for thermal conductivity, lower than other commercial profiles, and for water and air tightness. The positive application, of wood carpentry techniques to the new profiles could also be verified. The windows prototypes, as well as the moulds used in the extrusion/injection process, were produced with simple techniques, also available in the local plastics recycling and windows carpentry sector. These and other technical decisions made in the process are the basis for the development of ST in a future stage. This thesis contributes in the analysis of numerous variables in technological development and proposes an open source code, which may be complemented in future scaled production, with future provided knowledge.
The present research carries out an analysis of different theoretical visions on technology, its implications and limits, to determine the guidelines from which objectives for technological development are proposed. In this case, contribute to the idea of social technologies (ST) for inclusive context. In this way, the development of a composite material of recycled plastics from urban solid waste (MSW) is proposed, evaluating its behavior, to obtain an optimal compound that can be applied to pre-profiling production for windows frames. Windows design and technology, is currently central in the construction industry, on account of its impact on building energy consumption and economic cost. But it is an infrequent subject in the construction materials research field, and its development is relegated to the applications of the great industry or high tech. The composite material obtained, from 100% waste plastic polymers with a simple extrusion/injection technique, shows sufficient mechanical resistance values, raising 30 MPa in compression tests and 20 MPa in flexion, verifying the applicable regulations. In turn, the material achieved a self-extinguishing behavior in fire resistance tests, verifying at the normative maximum level, with the addition of 10% fire retardant and other mineral additions. Finally, positive results were obtained in the study on window prototypes performance, for thermal conductivity, lower than other commercial profiles, and for water and air tightness. The positive application, of wood carpentry techniques to the new profiles could also be verified. The windows prototypes, as well as the moulds used in the extrusion/injection process, were produced with simple techniques, also available in the local plastics recycling and windows carpentry sector. These and other technical decisions made in the process are the basis for the development of ST in a future stage. This thesis contributes in the analysis of numerous variables in technological development and proposes an open source code, which may be complemented in future scaled production, with future provided knowledge.
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Perfilería plástica, Reciclados, Tecnología social
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