Resultado económico de la cadena de valor citrícola de Entre Ríos : campañas 2021-2022 y 2022-2023
Date
2023-10-03
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Abstract
En Argentina los cítricos representan el 68% del total de la producción nacional de fruta. La producción citrícola
se desarrolla, principalmente, en las regiones del NOA y el NEA a partir de dos modelos productivos bien
diferenciados. El NOA se especializa en la producción de limón y, en menor medida, de pomelo. El NEA, por su
parte, se especializa en el cultivo de cítricos dulces: naranja y mandarina. En Entre Ríos, las especies producidas son
naranjas (54%), mandarinas (42,2%) y limones (1,7%). La citricultura ocupa una superficie de 36.387 ha, el promedio
de superficie por productor es de 23,6 ha, mientras que la superficie modal se estima en 16 ha. Es relevante conocer
la dinámica de cada una de las campañas y cosechas que se producen anualmente que se extiende desde febrero
hasta fin de año. La información sobre precios y costos de producción es necesaria para los distintos actores de la
cadena. Uno de los objetivos del PID “Generación y fortalecimiento de la información económica sobre la cadena citrícola de Entre Ríos” es conocer los indicadores económicos de la actividad para lo cual fue necesario el cálculo
de los costos de producción y el relevamiento de precios en el transcurso de la campaña. Para la estimación de los
costos de producción citrícola se planteó un modelo de quinta sin riego. La elección de superficie y variedades se
realizó en base a los resultados del último censo citrícola. Los ingresos se estimaron considerando la producción
esperada y el precio promedio obtenido a partir de los relevamientos mensuales para cada variedad. El beneficio
anual se determinó como la diferencia entre los ingresos y los costos de producción. También se determinaron el
precio y el rendimiento de indiferencia. Los resultados económicos de la campaña 2022-2023 muestran que la
valorización de la producción fue muy importante y que permitió alcanzar indicadores económicos positivos pese al
aumento de costos. Si bien aún no ha finalizado la cosecha de la presente campaña los indicadores analizados son
promisorios.
In Argentina, citrus fruits represent 68% of the total national fruit production. Citrus production takes place mainly in the NOA and NEA regions. The NOA specializes in the production of lemon and, to a lesser extent, grapefruit. The NEA, for its part, specializes in the cultivation of sweet citrus fruits: oranges and tangerines. In Entre Ríos the species produced are oranges (54%), mandarins (42.2%) and lemons (1.7%). Citriculture occupies an area of 36,387 hectares, the average area per producer is 23.6 hectares, while the modal area is estimated at 16 hectares. It is relevant to know the dynamics of each of the campaigns and harvests that occur annually and that extend from February to the end of the year. Information on prices and production costs is necessary for the different actors and is currently not available. One of the objectives of the PID “Generation and strengthening of economic information of the citrus value chain of Entre Ríos” is to know the economic indicators of the activity for which it was necessary to calculate production costs and survey prices throughout the year. To estimate the costs of citrus production, a farm model without irrigation was proposed. The choice of surface area and varieties was made based on the results of the last citrus census. Income was estimated considering the expected production and the average price obtained from monthly surveys for each variety. Annual profit was determined as the difference between income and production costs. The yield and indifference price were also determined. The economic results of the crop year 2022-2023 show that the valorization of production was very important and that it allowed positive economic indicators to be achieved despite the increase in costs. Although the citrus harvest has not yet finished, the indicators analyzed are promising.
In Argentina, citrus fruits represent 68% of the total national fruit production. Citrus production takes place mainly in the NOA and NEA regions. The NOA specializes in the production of lemon and, to a lesser extent, grapefruit. The NEA, for its part, specializes in the cultivation of sweet citrus fruits: oranges and tangerines. In Entre Ríos the species produced are oranges (54%), mandarins (42.2%) and lemons (1.7%). Citriculture occupies an area of 36,387 hectares, the average area per producer is 23.6 hectares, while the modal area is estimated at 16 hectares. It is relevant to know the dynamics of each of the campaigns and harvests that occur annually and that extend from February to the end of the year. Information on prices and production costs is necessary for the different actors and is currently not available. One of the objectives of the PID “Generation and strengthening of economic information of the citrus value chain of Entre Ríos” is to know the economic indicators of the activity for which it was necessary to calculate production costs and survey prices throughout the year. To estimate the costs of citrus production, a farm model without irrigation was proposed. The choice of surface area and varieties was made based on the results of the last citrus census. Income was estimated considering the expected production and the average price obtained from monthly surveys for each variety. Annual profit was determined as the difference between income and production costs. The yield and indifference price were also determined. The economic results of the crop year 2022-2023 show that the valorization of production was very important and that it allowed positive economic indicators to be achieved despite the increase in costs. Although the citrus harvest has not yet finished, the indicators analyzed are promising.
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Keywords
Citrus, Cadena de valor, Información económica, citrus fruits, citrus value chain, economic information
Citation
Jornadas de Ciencia y Tecnología (2023)
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