Centro UTN QUIMOBI (Química Orgánica Biológica)
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Item Estudios preliminares del tratamiento de efluentes urbanos con microalgas autóctonas(2019-08-16) Pila, Andrea Natalia; Cuello, María Carolina; Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Chamorro, Ester RamonaLas localidades del interior del país enfrentan una gran problemática debido a la falta de tratamiento de efluentes urbanos. La biorremediación de dichos efluentes con microalgas fotosintéticas es una tendencia en aumento a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la viabilidad de realizar una biorremediación de efluentes cloacales de la localidad de General San Martin (Chaco) utilizando microalgas y, evaluar la posibilidad de hacer una biorrefinería. El efluente utilizado fue recolectado de la localidad de General San Martín (Chaco. El cultivo se desarrolló a partir de una especie autóctona de microalga, identificada como Chlorella sp., presente en el efluente cloacal crudo. El cultivo de microalgas en el efluente cloacal se llevó a cabo en fotobiorrectores cerrados de 6 L en condiciones ambientales a lo largo del año. El crecimiento se evaluó mediante recuento celular, monitoreando el crecimiento de protozoos y las condiciones de cultivo (pH, temperatura e irradiación). Al final del experimento, el cultivo de microalgas fue separado mediante decantación. El concentrado obtenido fue filtrado y luego secado en estufa de vacío a 60ºC y 0,25atm de presión absoluta. La biomasa cosechada fue caracterizada mediante la determinación de lípidos, proteínas, carbohidratos y cenizas. Los resultados obtenidos nos indicarían que es posible realizar el cultivo de microalgas en el efluente cloacal estudiado sin esterilizar ni diluir. Debido a la estabilidad que demostró frente a sus competidores biológicos, es posible pensar en su utilización como método de tratamiento. Los resultados indican que sería factible realizar el tratamiento a lo largo del año.Item Fraccionamiento secuencial de la cascarilla de arroz para la obtención de bioetanol y subproductos(2017-02-20) Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Área, María Cristina; Chamorro, EsterEl presente informe es el resumen de los resultados de un trabajo de posdoctorado realizado en el Centro de Investigación en Química Orgánica Biológica (QUIMOBI) de la Facultad Regional Resistencia, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional y en el Programa de Celulosa y Papel (PROCYP) de la , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. El tema de investigación es “Fraccionamiento secuencial de cascarilla de arroz para la obtención de bioetanol y subproductos.Item Optimization of the soda-ethanol delignification stage for a rice husk biorefinery(2017-03-01) Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Felissia, Fernando E.; Chamorro, Ester Ramona; Area, María CristinaThe aim of this work was to optimize the delignification of the hemicelluloses-free fraction of rice husk to obtain fractions of lignin, cellulose, and inorganics, which could be valorized in the context of the rice husk biorefinery. The hemicelluloses were pre-extracted from the raw material by dilute sulfuric acid, and a soda-ethanol-water process was used for delignification. Two experimental designs were carried out to evaluate different ranges of the same variables (strong and light conditions), aiming to promote maximal delignification or delignify while protecting carbohydrates. The optimal delignification points were obtained using 13 and 8% of NaOH (%w/w on solid material), in a 50:50 and 54:46 ethanol:water solution. In these conditions, 94.3 and 90.1% of lignin and almost 100 and 40% of inorganics were removed from the solid, respectively. The used soda-ethanol-water process can be defined as a soda process additivated with ethanol, showing significant advantages over soda-anthraquinone process for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials.Item Studies on lignin extraction from rice husk by a soda-ethanol treatment : kinetics, separation, and characterization of products(2018-01-01) Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Chamorro, Ester Ramona; Felissia, Fernando E.; Area, María CristinaThe delignification kinetics of lignocellulosic waste is an important tool for the study of the technical-economic viability of biorefinery processes. The aim of this work was to study the kinetic of lignin extraction by a soda-ethanol treatment of hemicelluloses-free rice husk, within the framework of a biorefinery. Additionally, the type of phenolic structures in the extracted lignin and the behavior of inorganics were evaluated. The kinetic study was carried out at 140, 150, and 160 °C, at different times between 3 and 100 min of reaction for each temperature. A first order kinetic model was adjusted to the experimental data of residual lignin in the treated solid in the fast and slow phase. The kinetic constant k0 varied from 0.021 to 0.035 min−1 for 140–160 °C. The activation energies were 38.59 kJ/mol and 33.47 kJ/mol for the fast and slow phase, respectively. The inorganics components remained in the solid and the proportion of silicon increased through all treatments. About 50% of the initial lignin with 1% of inorganics was recovered by precipitation. The percentage of total OH in lignin remained high, about 8.5%, and decreased with the temperature but not with the time of the reaction.Item Ensayos preliminares de deslignificación de aserrín de algarrobo negro, en vistas a la producción eficiente de azúcares fermentables(2018-10-02) Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Ruiz, Carlos Raúl; Chamorro, EsterLas biorrefinerías industriales han sido identificadas como las rutas más prometedoras para la creación de una bioeconomía sustentable. En este marco se realizaron ensayos preliminares de deslignificación organosolv de aserrín de algarrobo negro para obtener el rango de las variables a optimizar en estudios posteriores, en vistas de obtener holocelulosa (celulosa más hemicelulosas) listas para la etapa de hidrólisis y fermentación para la producción de bioetanol. La separación secuencial se realizó en dos etapas, la primera consistió en el lavado con agua, en la segunda etapa se aplicó un proceso soda-etanol-agua, que puede definirse como un proceso de soda aditivado con etanol, que muestra ventajas significativas sobre el proceso de soda-antraquinona para el fraccionamiento de materiales lignocelulósicos. Se encontró que la materia prima más adecuada es el aserrín libre de taninos, gracias al proceso de lavado. Luego, se definió el rango de las variables hidróxido de sodio y relación etanol:agua para la posterior optimización.Item Optimization of the soda-ethanol delignification in the biorefinery of rice husk(2015-11-23) Dagnino, Eliana Paola; Felissia, Fernando; Chamorro, Ester; Area, MaríaLignocellulosic materials are an interesting alternative to obtain products with high added value, such as bioethanol, food and cosmetics additives, and adhesives, among many others. Rice hulls (RHs) is an abundant residue in the Argentine Northeast region (provinces of Corrientes, Entre Rios, Santa Fe, Formosa and Chaco). Rice production in Argentina in 2012/13 reached 1,397,242 tons, of which about 20% was RHs [1]. RHs is composed of 48.7% carbohydrates (34.1% cellulose and 14.6% hemicelluloses), 17.2% and 1.8% of insoluble and soluble lignin acid respectively, 15% of inorganic components, and others [2], so the application of the biorefinery concept, i.e. the separation and valorization of its individual components, is of high interest. Delignification of RHs pretreated with acid (previously optimized process) [2] was carried out using an organosolv soda-ethanol process. This treatment is advantageous since the reaction is faster, it uses smaller amount of soda than the conventional soda process, and the ethanol can be recovered and reused. A Central Composite Experiment Design of two variables with three replicas of the center point was used. Soda concentrations between 9 and 17g per liter, and ethanol concentrations between 46 and 60% were evaluated. The liquor was placed in a reactor of AISI 316 stainless steel of 180ml, with a closing screw gauge. It was heated in a heat resistant silicone bath to 160°C. The reaction time was 60min, and it was necessary around additional 25min to reach 160°C. The mixture was then cooled in a cold water bath and filtered through a 100 mesh sieve. The solid was washed repeatedly to remove the remaining solution. The concentration of residual lignin (NREL process/TP-510-42618) in the pretreated solid was measured as response variable and delignification relative to initial lignin was calculated on this basis. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statgraphics statistical software was used, with a level of significance of 95%. The adjusted model explained the 92% of the variability. Both variables showed significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the residual lignin in the treated solid. The percentage of delignification ranged from 63% in the treatment with 13g/l NaOH and 46% EtOH; to 87% in the treatment with 13g/l NaOH and 53% EtOH. The optimal response corresponded to 13g/l NaOH (center point) and 50% EtOH (-0.8 as coded variable), with a 3.26% theoreticalvalue of the residual lignin in the solid pretreated and an 87.9% of deslignification. In conclusion, the sequence acid / soda-ethanol allowed hemicelluloses extraction in the first stage and lignin extraction in the second stage. The residual solid was composed almost entirely of cellulose with approximately 25% of inorganic components, which will be separated in future studies, to fully implement the biorefinery concept