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Item Stability and conductivity of proppant packs during flowback in unconventional reservoirs: a CFD–DEM simulation study(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Vega, Federico G.; Carlevaro, Manuel; Sánchez, Martín; Pugnaloni, LuisWe present simulations using a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD–DEM) approach for a slurry of millimeter-sized particles in water which is squeezed between two walls and then made flow out though a narrow aperture. The process is akin to the flowback stage in the near wellbore zone of a hydraulic-stimulated well for hydrocarbon recovery. We consider different wall roughness and investigate its effect on particle production, final distance between walls, spatial particle distribution between the walls, and fluid production rate. We have found that the final distribution of particles changes significantly with small variations in the roughnesses of the walls. This in turn leads to production flow rates that may vary up to 50%. Although the main driver of the production for unconventional wells is the propped fracture network, these results suggest that the roughness of the fracture walls seems to play an important role in the final conductivity and therefore in the ultimate recovery.Item Universal features of the stick-slip dynamics of an intruder moving through a confined granular medium(2022-04-21) Pugnaloni, Luis; Carlevaro, Manuel; Kozlowski, Ryan; Zheng, Hu; Kondic, Lou; Socolar, Joshua E. S.Experiments and simulations of an intruder dragged by a spring through a two-dimensional annulus of granular material exhibit robust force fluctuations. At low packing fractions (φ < φ0), the intruder clears an open channel. Above φ0, stick-slip dynamics develop, with an average energy release that is independent of the particle-particle and particle-base friction coefficients but does depend on the width W of the annulus and the diameter D of the intruder. A simple model predicts the dependence of φ0 on W and D, allowing for a data collapse for the average energy release as a function of φ/φ0. These results pose challenges for theories of mechanical failure in amorphous materials.Item Self-assembly of self-propelled magnetic grains(2021) Madrid, Marcos A.; Irastorza, Ramiro; Meyra, Ariel G.; Carlevaro, ManuelIn this work, we study bidisperse mixtures of self-propelled magnetic particles of di erent shapes via discrete element method simulations. We show how these particles self-assemble into clusters and how these clusters depend on the ratio of the mixture, the magnetic interaction, and the shape of the grains. It is found that the mix ratio of the system controls the cluster size. Besides, the intensity of the magnetic dipoles and the shape of the grains in the mixture rule the average number of neighbors in contact and the shape of the clusters. By varying the intensity of the interactions, globular, linear and branched clusters were obtained.Item On the use of magnetic particles to enhance the flow of vibrated grains through narrow apertures(2021-06-28) Carlevaro, Manuel; Kuperman, Marcelo N.; Bouzat, Sebastián; Pugnaloni, Luis; Madrid, Marcos A.The ow of grains through narrow apertures posses an extraordinary challenge: clogging. Strategies to alleviate the effect of clogging, such as the use of external vibration, are always part of the design of machinery for the handling of bulk materials. It has recently been shown that one way to reduce clogging is to use a small fraction of small particles as an additive. Besides, several works reported that self-repelling magnetic grains can ow through narrow apertures with little clogging, which suggest these are excellent candidates as \lubricating" additives for other granular materials. In this work, we study the effect of adding self-repelling magnetic particles to a sample of grains in two-dimensions. We find that, in contrast with intuition, the added magnetic grains not necessarily aid the ow of the original species.Item Intruder in a two-dimensional granular system: effects of dynamic and static basal friction on stick-slip and clogging dynamics(2019-10-15) Carlevaro, Manuel; Kozlowski, Ryan; Pugnaloni, Luis; Zheng, Hu; Socolar, Joshua E. S.; Kondic, LouWe discuss the results of simulations of an intruder pulled through a two-dimensional granular system by a spring, using a model designed to lend insight into the experimental findings described by Kozlowski et al. [Phys. Rev. E 100, 032905 (2019)]. In that previous study the presence of basal friction between the grains and the base was observed to change the intruder dynamics from clogging to stick–slip. Here we first show that our simulation results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data for a variety of experimentally accessible friction coefficients governing interactions of particles with each other and with boundaries. Then, we use simulations to explore a broader range of parameter space, focusing on the friction between the particles and the base. We consider a range of both static and dynamic basal friction coefficients, which are difficult to vary smoothly in experiments. The simulations show that dynamic friction strongly affects the stick–slip behaviour when the coefficient is decreased below 0.1, while static friction plays only a marginal role in the intruder dynamics.Item Two approaches to quantification of force networks in particulate systems(2021-02-24) Basak, Rituparna; Carlevaro, Manuel; Kozlowski, Ryan; Cheng, Chao; Pugnaloni, Luis A.; Kramár, Miroslav; Zheng, Hu; Socolar, Joshua E. S.; Kondic, LouThe interactions between particles in particulate systems are organized in ‘force networks’, mesoscale features that bridge between the particle scale and the scale of the system as a whole. While such networks are known to be crucial in determining the system wide response, extracting their properties, particularly from experimental systems, is difficult due to the need to measure the interparticle forces. In this work, we show by analysis of the data extracted from simulations that such detailed information about interparticle forces may not be necessary, as long as the focus is on extracting the most dominant features of these networks. The main finding is that a reasonable understanding of the time evolution of force networks can be obtained from incomplete information such as total force on the particles. To compare the evolution of the networks based on the completely known particle interactions and the networks based on incomplete information (total force each grain) we use tools of algebraic topology. In particular we will compare simple measures defined on persistence diagrams that provide useful summaries of the force network features.Item Structure of force networks in tapped particulate systems of disks and pentagons II Persistence analysis(American Physical Society, 2016) Kondic, L.; Kramar, M.; Pugnaloni, Luis; Carlevaro, Manuel; Mischaikow, K.In the companion paper [Pugnaloni et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 062902 (2016)], we use classical measures based on force probability density functions (PDFs), as well as Betti numbers (quantifying the number of components, related to force chains, and loops), to describe the force networks in tapped systems of disks and pentagons. In the present work, we focus on the use of persistence analysis, which allows us to describe these networks in much more detail. This approach allows us not only to describe but also to quantify the differences between the force networks in different realizations of a system, in different parts of the considered domain, or in different systems. We show that persistence analysis clearly distinguishes the systems that are very difficult or impossible to differentiate using other means. One important finding is that the differences in force networks between disks and pentagons are most apparent when loops are considered: the quantities describing properties of the loops may differ significantly even if other measures (properties of components, Betti numbers, force PDFs, or the stress tensor) do not distinguish clearly or at all the investigated systems.Item Effect of particle shape and fragmentation on the response of particle dampers(SAGE Publications, 2014) Sánchez, Martín; Carlevaro, Manuel; Pugnaloni, LuisA particle damper (PD) is a device that can attenuate mechanical vibrations thanks to the dissipative collisions between grains contained in a cavity attached to the vibrating structure. It has been recently suggested that, under working conditions in which the damping is optimal, the PD has a universal response in the sense that the specific dissipative properties of the grains cease to be important for the design of the device. We present evidence from simulations of PDs containing grains of different sizes, shapes and restitution coefficients, that the universal response is also valid when fragmentation of the grains occurs (generally due to intensive operation of the PD). In contrast, the welding of grains (caused by operation under high temperatures) can take the PD out of the universal response and deteriorate the attenuation. Interestingly, we observed that even at working conditions off the optimal damping, the shape of the grains remains unimportant for the response of the PD.Item Structure of force networks in tapped particulate systems of disks and pentagons I Clusters and loops(American Physical Society, 2016) Pugnaloni, Luis; Carlevaro, Manuel; Kramar, M; Mischaikow, K; Kondic, LThe force network of a granular assembly, defined by the contact network and the corresponding contact forces, carries valuable information about the state of the packing. Simple analysis of these networks based on the distribution of force strengths is rather insensitive to the changes in preparation protocols or to the types of particles. In this and the companion paper [Kondic et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 062903 (2016)], we consider two-dimensional simulations of tapped systems built from frictional disks and pentagons, and study the structure of the force networks of granular packings by considering network’s topology as force thresholds are varied. We show that the number of clusters and loops observed in the force networks as a function of the force threshold are markedly different for disks and pentagons if the tangential contact forces are considered, whereas they are surprisingly similar for the network defined by the normal forces. In particular, the results indicate that, overall, the force network is more heterogeneous for disks than for pentagons. Such differences in network properties are expected to lead to different macroscale response of the considered systems, despite the fact that averaged measures (such as force probability density function) do not show any obvious differences. Additionally, we show that the states obtained by tapping with different intensities that display similar packing fraction are difficult to distinguish based on simple topological invariants.Item Exact predictions from Edwards ensemble vs realistic simulations of tapped narrow two dimensional granular columns(Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2013) Irastorza, Ramiro; Carlevaro, Manuel; Pugnaloni, LuisWe simulate, via a discrete element method, the tapping of a narrow column of disks under gravity. For frictionless disks, this system has a simple analytical expression for the density of states in the Edwards volume ensemble. We compare the predictions of the ensemble at constant compactivity against the results for the steady states obtained in the simulations. We show that the steady states cannot be properly described since the microstates sampled are not in correspondence with the predicted distributions, suggesting that the postulates of flat measure and ergodicity are, either or both, invalid for this simple realization of a static granular system. However, we show that certain qualitative features of the volume fluctuations which are difficult to predict from simple arguments are captured by the theory.