Utilización de harinas vegetales para el desarrollo de dietas de pre-engorde y engorde de Tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
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2017-09-01
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El suministro de alimento en acuicultura representa uno de los aspectos fundamentales de esta actividad, pues constituye una parte muy importante de los costos de producción. Por ser la Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) una especie omnívora y tratando de buscar una dieta económica y nutricionalmente adecuada, en el presente trabajo se formularon diferentes dietas variando los porcentajes de harinas vegetales y de pescado. Éstas fueron una dieta control con un 10,01% de harina de soja, un 54,9% de harina de pescado y un 13,09% de harina de trigo (Dieta A), otra con un 40% de harina de soja, un 14,9 % de harina de pescado y un 32,5 % de harina de trigo (Dieta B) y finalmente una de 50 % de harina de soja, un 7 % de harina de pescado y un 32,7% de harina de trigo en su formulación (Dieta C), manteniéndose los mismos porcentajes en el resto de los componentes. El bioensayo se realizó en el Laboratorio de Acuicultura de la Unidad Académica Mar del Plata, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Su duración fue de 57 días de alimentación; el número de juveniles utilizados fueron de 10 por tratamiento en tanques de 250 litros dentro de un sistema de recirculación, cada uno con su respectivo duplicado. Los parámetros físico-químicos del agua se midieron diariamente con un multisensor “Horiba U10”, manteniéndose estables dentro de los valores normales de pH, OD, nitritos, nitratos y amonio ionizado. Los juveniles fueron sembrados con un peso promedio de179,63 ± 2,35gr, y una densidad inicial de 7,17 kg/m3 . Al finalizar el experimento alcanzaron un peso promedio de 297,40±13,08 gr (dieta A), 277,70±10,78 gr (dieta B) y 264,77±13,56gr (dieta C),se efectuó un análisis de distintos indicadores nutricionales (IPD, PC, TCE, FCA, EA y TEP), un análisis de costos de cada alimento, un análisis proximal y sensorial de los filets cosechados. Los valores de FCA mostraron una buena eficiencia en las tres dietas (A: 2,58±0,32, B: 2,60±0,01 y C: 2,53±0,09), y resultados similares de crecimiento, apenas un tanto más elevado para la Dieta A. Al ser analizados loscostos de cada alimento, se reducen ampliamente, casi en un 50%, al realizarse el engorde con las dietas B y C, respecto a la dieta A.
The supply of food in aquaculture represents one of the fundamental aspects of this activity, since it constitutes a very important part of the costs of production. Because Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) is an omnivorous species and trying to find an economically and nutritionally adequate diet, in the present work different diets were formulated varying the percentages of fish meal and vegetable meal. These were a control diet with 10.01% of soybean meal, 54.9% of fishmeal and 13.09% of wheat flour (Diet A), another with 40% of soybean meal, 14.9% of fishmeal and 32.5% of wheat flour (Diet B) and finally 50% of soybean meal, 7% of fishmeal and 32.7% of wheat flour in Its formulation (Diet C), maintaining the same percentages in the rest of the components. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Aquaculture of the Unidad Académica Mar del Plata, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its duration was 57 days of feeding; the number of juveniles used was 10 per treatment in tanks of 250 liters within a recirculation system, each with its respective duplicate. The physical-chemical parameters of the water were measured daily with a "Horiba U10" multisensory, remaining stable within the normal values of pH, OD, nitrites, nitrates and ionized ammonia. The juveniles were sown with an average weight of 179.63 ± 2.35gr, and an initial density of 7.17 kg / m3 . At the end of the experiment they reached an average weight of 297.40 ± 13.08 g (diet A), 277.70 ± 10.78 g (diet B) and 264.77 ± 13.56 g (diet C), an analysis of different nutritional indicators (IPD, PC, TCE, FCA, EA and TEP) was carried out, an analysis of the costs of each food, a proximal and sensorial analysis of the harvested filets. FCA values showed good efficiency in the three diets (A: 2.58±0.32, B: 2.60±0.01 and C: 2.53±0.09), and similar growth results, slightly higher for Diet A. Being Analyzed the costs of each food, are greatly reduced, almost 50%, when the fattening with diets B and C, with respect to diet A.
The supply of food in aquaculture represents one of the fundamental aspects of this activity, since it constitutes a very important part of the costs of production. Because Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) is an omnivorous species and trying to find an economically and nutritionally adequate diet, in the present work different diets were formulated varying the percentages of fish meal and vegetable meal. These were a control diet with 10.01% of soybean meal, 54.9% of fishmeal and 13.09% of wheat flour (Diet A), another with 40% of soybean meal, 14.9% of fishmeal and 32.5% of wheat flour (Diet B) and finally 50% of soybean meal, 7% of fishmeal and 32.7% of wheat flour in Its formulation (Diet C), maintaining the same percentages in the rest of the components. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Aquaculture of the Unidad Académica Mar del Plata, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its duration was 57 days of feeding; the number of juveniles used was 10 per treatment in tanks of 250 liters within a recirculation system, each with its respective duplicate. The physical-chemical parameters of the water were measured daily with a "Horiba U10" multisensory, remaining stable within the normal values of pH, OD, nitrites, nitrates and ionized ammonia. The juveniles were sown with an average weight of 179.63 ± 2.35gr, and an initial density of 7.17 kg / m3 . At the end of the experiment they reached an average weight of 297.40 ± 13.08 g (diet A), 277.70 ± 10.78 g (diet B) and 264.77 ± 13.56 g (diet C), an analysis of different nutritional indicators (IPD, PC, TCE, FCA, EA and TEP) was carried out, an analysis of the costs of each food, a proximal and sensorial analysis of the harvested filets. FCA values showed good efficiency in the three diets (A: 2.58±0.32, B: 2.60±0.01 and C: 2.53±0.09), and similar growth results, slightly higher for Diet A. Being Analyzed the costs of each food, are greatly reduced, almost 50%, when the fattening with diets B and C, with respect to diet A.
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ENGORDE, TILAPIA, HARINAS, ALIMENTACIÓN
Citation
Barragán, A. O.; Zanazzi, N.; Gorosito, A. ; Cecchi, F. ; Prario, M. I.; Imeroni, J. C.; Mallo, J. C. (2017) Utilización de harinas vegetales para el desarrollo de dietas de pre-engorde y engorde de Tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Redvet, 18(9), 1-15. http://hdl.handle.net/11336/42505.
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