Disfonía en docentes de nivel primario en una escuela pública de la provincia de Santa Fe
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2024-11
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Este trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar las causas que originan la Disfonía en Docentes de Nivel Primario de una Escuela Pública de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Desde un enfoque ergonómico, se busca conocer la situación actual, las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en el que se desenvuelven los docentes. La metodología se basó en técnicas de tipo cualitativas: observaciones abiertas, relevamiento de las condiciones edilicias, materiales áulicos, recursos y entrevistas abiertas. Además, se implementaron métodos cuantitativos, como cuestionarios y el Protocolo sobre Disfonías - Resolución SRT 389/2013. Los resultados arrojaron que diez de las doce docentes manifestaron episodios de disfonía durante el año 2024, y seis tuvieron al menos un episodio al mes. Cinco de las diez docentes con disfonía tiene menor cantidad de horas frente al curso que lo establecido en la normativa. La antigüedad, no resultó un factor determinante para que se manifieste la enfermedad. Entre las principales causas, informaron la cantidad de alumnos, técnicas inadecuadas para respirar, el ruido ambiente al que se encuentran expuestas, los escasos dispositivos tecnológicos e informáticos disponibles. Como estrategia para afrontar esta situación, la mitad de las docentes recurren a las licencias médicas para recuperar las características normales de la voz. La modernización en cuanto a las técnicas de enseñanza, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y recursos, los cambios de conductas y la incorporación de ciertas prácticas durante el dictado de clases, tienen como finalidad conseguir un ambiente saludable para las docentes, disminuyendo las causas que generan la disfonía.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the causes of dysphonia in primary school teachers in a public school in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. From an ergonomic perspective, the aim is to understand the current situation, conditions and work environment in which teachers work. The methodology was based on qualitative techniques: open observations, survey of building conditions, classroom materials, resources and open interviews. In addition, quantitative methods were implemented, such as questionnaires and the Protocol on Dysphonia - SRT Resolution 389/2013. The results showed that ten of the twelve teachers reported episodes of dysphonia during the year 2024, and six had at least one episode per month. Five of the ten teachers with dysphonia have fewer hours in class than established in the regulations. Seniority was not a determining factor for the disease to manifest. The main causes were the number of students, inadequate breathing techniques, the ambient noise to which they are exposed, and the scarce technological and computer devices available. As a strategy to deal with this situation, half of the teachers resort to medical leave to recover the normal characteristics of their voice. The modernization of teaching techniques, the incorporation of new technologies and resources, changes in behavior and the incorporation of certain practices during teaching, are intended to achieve a healthy environment for teachers, reducing the causes that generate dysphonia.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the causes of dysphonia in primary school teachers in a public school in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. From an ergonomic perspective, the aim is to understand the current situation, conditions and work environment in which teachers work. The methodology was based on qualitative techniques: open observations, survey of building conditions, classroom materials, resources and open interviews. In addition, quantitative methods were implemented, such as questionnaires and the Protocol on Dysphonia - SRT Resolution 389/2013. The results showed that ten of the twelve teachers reported episodes of dysphonia during the year 2024, and six had at least one episode per month. Five of the ten teachers with dysphonia have fewer hours in class than established in the regulations. Seniority was not a determining factor for the disease to manifest. The main causes were the number of students, inadequate breathing techniques, the ambient noise to which they are exposed, and the scarce technological and computer devices available. As a strategy to deal with this situation, half of the teachers resort to medical leave to recover the normal characteristics of their voice. The modernization of teaching techniques, the incorporation of new technologies and resources, changes in behavior and the incorporation of certain practices during teaching, are intended to achieve a healthy environment for teachers, reducing the causes that generate dysphonia.
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Docente, Ergonomía, Disfonía, Teacher, Ergonomics, Dysphonia
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