Experiencias en cancelación activa de ruido para ambientes industriales
Date
2018-11
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Asociación de Acústicos Argentinos
Abstract
En las plantas industriales existen equipos rotantes que emiten elevados niveles de ruido, de frecuencias discretas relacionadas con su velocidad de rotación. Los elevados niveles de sonido causan daños al oído, más o menos graves según la intensidad y el tiempo de exposición. Dependiendo de estos factores puede ser obligatorio usar protección auditiva y/o reducir el tiempo de exposición. En casos menos graves el ruido afecta al confort de los trabajadores y reduce su productividad. Además de utilizarse elementos de protección auditiva, puede ser necesario aplicar técnicas para atenuar el ruido. En bajas frecuencias los métodos pasivos son ineficientes, por lo que resultan de interés las técnicas activas, como las que se tratan en este trabajo. La motivación ha surgido de analizar el ruido emitido por un soplante de alta potencia instalado en una planta petroquímica. Se han desarrollado y ensayado en laboratorio dos prototipos, basados en técnicas de control activo de ruido de tipos feedback y feed-forward, ambas implementadas sobre procesadores digitales de señales. Se midieron atenuaciones del orden de 26 dB sobre un ducto y 17 dB en espacio abierto, que motivan a continuar trabajando en esta línea, tratando de llegar a su implementación práctica en el campo.
In industrial plants there are rotating equipment that produce high levels of noise, of discrete frequencies related to its rotation speed. These high levels of sound can cause damage to the ear, more or less serious depending on the intensity and time of exposure. Depending on these factors it may be mandatory to wear hearing protection and / or reduce the exposure time. In less severe cases, noise affects the comfort of workers and reduces their productivity. In addition to using hearing protection elements, it may be necessary to apply techniques to attenuate noise. At low frequencies passive methods are inefficient, so that active techniques, such as those discussed in this paper, are of interest. The motivation has arisen from analyzing the noise emitted by a high power blower installed in a petrochemical plant. Two prototypes have been developed and tested in the laboratory, both based on active noise control techniques, one of feedback type and the other of feed-forward type; both implemented on digital signal processors. They were achieved attenuations of about 26 dB on a pipeline and 17 dB in open space, which motivates to continue working on this line, trying to reach its practical implementation in the field.
In industrial plants there are rotating equipment that produce high levels of noise, of discrete frequencies related to its rotation speed. These high levels of sound can cause damage to the ear, more or less serious depending on the intensity and time of exposure. Depending on these factors it may be mandatory to wear hearing protection and / or reduce the exposure time. In less severe cases, noise affects the comfort of workers and reduces their productivity. In addition to using hearing protection elements, it may be necessary to apply techniques to attenuate noise. At low frequencies passive methods are inefficient, so that active techniques, such as those discussed in this paper, are of interest. The motivation has arisen from analyzing the noise emitted by a high power blower installed in a petrochemical plant. Two prototypes have been developed and tested in the laboratory, both based on active noise control techniques, one of feedback type and the other of feed-forward type; both implemented on digital signal processors. They were achieved attenuations of about 26 dB on a pipeline and 17 dB in open space, which motivates to continue working on this line, trying to reach its practical implementation in the field.
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Keywords
Control activo de ruido, Ruido industrial, Ruido de soplantes, Active noise control, Industrial noise, Blowers noise
Citation
Friedrich, G. R.; Azzurro, A. P.; Silva Bustos, M. A.; Constantini, S. & Goyanarte, R. F. (2018). Experiencias en cancelación activa de ruido para ambientes industriales. EN: XVI Congreso Argentino de Acústica – AdAA 2018. Congreso llevado a cabo en Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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