Adsorción de metales tóxicos en flujo continuo mediante el uso de bioadsorbentes
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2024-12-18
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Abstract
La descarga de metales tóxicos en el ambiente, provenientes principalmente de actividades industriales, representa un riesgo significativo para la salud humana y los ecosistemas debido a su toxicidad, persistencia y capacidad de bioacumulación. Entre las estrategias desarrolladas para la remoción de estos contaminantes de los cuerpos de agua, la biosorción ha demostrado ser una alternativa eficiente y de bajo costo, especialmente cuando se emplean materiales lignocelulósicos residuales como bioadsorbentes. Teniendo en cuenta la viabilidad de la biosorción como técnica de remoción de contaminantes metálicos, este proyecto se centra tanto en la construcción de una máquina de ensayo, una columna de adsorción en lecho fijo, como en el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación para validar su funcionamiento. La columna fue diseñada a escala de laboratorio para evaluar la remoción de metales tóxicos utilizando cáscara de arroz como bioadsorbente y un efluente sintético con plomo como contaminante modelo. La investigación incluyó la caracterización del bioadsorbente y la optimización de variables claves como el pH y la masa del adsorbente, en sistemas de flujo discontinuo y continuo. Los ensayos realizados en flujo continuo mostraron que la columna operó eficazmente, ajustándose al modelo de Dosis-respuesta modificado y alcanzando tiempos de ruptura adecuados para la retención del plomo. Los resultados obtenidos validan el potencial de este equipo y proceso, ofreciendo una solución accesible para el tratamiento de efluentes y promoviendo un uso sostenible de residuos agroindustriales en el marco de la economía circular.
The presence of toxic metals in the environment, primarily coming from industrial activities, has a significant risk to human health and ecosystems due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Among the strategies that have been developed to remove these contaminants from water bodies, biosorption has been proven to be an efficient and cost-effective method, especially when lignocellulosic materials are used as bioadsorbents. Considering the feasibility of biosorption as a technique for the removal of metal contaminants, this project focuses both on the construction of a testing machine, a fixed-bed adsorption column, and the development of a research project to validate its operation. The column was designed at a laboratory scale to assess the removal of toxic metals using rice husk as a bioadsorbent and a synthetic effluent with lead as the model contaminant. The research included the characterization of the bioadsorbent and the optimization of the most significant variables, such as pH and adsorbent mass, in both discontinuous and continuous flow systems. The tests conducted in continuous flow showed that the column operated effectively, fitting to modified Dose-Response model and achieving appropriate breakthrough times for lead retention. The results obtained validate the potential of this equipment and process, offering an accessible solution to effluent treatment and promoting a sustainable use of agro-industrial waste within the framework of the circular economy.
The presence of toxic metals in the environment, primarily coming from industrial activities, has a significant risk to human health and ecosystems due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Among the strategies that have been developed to remove these contaminants from water bodies, biosorption has been proven to be an efficient and cost-effective method, especially when lignocellulosic materials are used as bioadsorbents. Considering the feasibility of biosorption as a technique for the removal of metal contaminants, this project focuses both on the construction of a testing machine, a fixed-bed adsorption column, and the development of a research project to validate its operation. The column was designed at a laboratory scale to assess the removal of toxic metals using rice husk as a bioadsorbent and a synthetic effluent with lead as the model contaminant. The research included the characterization of the bioadsorbent and the optimization of the most significant variables, such as pH and adsorbent mass, in both discontinuous and continuous flow systems. The tests conducted in continuous flow showed that the column operated effectively, fitting to modified Dose-Response model and achieving appropriate breakthrough times for lead retention. The results obtained validate the potential of this equipment and process, offering an accessible solution to effluent treatment and promoting a sustainable use of agro-industrial waste within the framework of the circular economy.
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Columna de adsorción en lecho fijo, Biosorción, Metales tóxicos, Cáscara de arroz, Tratamiento de efluentes, Fixed-bed adsorption column, Biosorption, Toxic metals, Rice husk, Effluent treatment
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Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess