Implementación del ensayo para calcular la eficiencia de un motor hasta 2,5 kW en función de la determinación de la potencia mecánica en el eje, por medios opto-eléctricos
Date
2022-10-06
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Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es la adaptación e implementación en el Laboratorio de Eficiencia Energética Aplicada (LEEA) de la UTN La Plata, de un novedoso método de medición desarrollado por investigadores de la Universidad de Durham (Reino Unido) y la Universidad Politécnica delle Marche (Italia)1 . Este método permite determinar la potencia mecánica en el eje de un motor eléctrico asincrónico por medios opto eléctricos, y en el LEEA se utilizará para la determinación de la eficiencia energética para distintos estados de carga. Estas pruebas se realizan con equipamiento de la marca De Lorenzo de 2,4 kW perteneciente al Laboratorio de Máquinas Eléctricas. Para determinar la eficiencia energética del motor la metodología se basa en la medición de la potencia eléctrica consumida y la potencia mecánica que eroga un motor eléctrico en su eje. Para medir la potencia eléctrica se utiliza un Registrador Fluke 235 y para obtener la potencia en el eje del motor se
mide la deformación torsional que se produce en una varilla metálica que vincula el motor bajo ensayo con una carga mecánica variable en el eje, esta deformación es proporcional al torque. La deformación torsional se obtiene mediante sensores fotoeléctricos ubicados en cada uno de los extremos de la barra metálica. La principal ecuación utilizada es:
tt: Tiempo entre pulsos de una revolución completa medido sobre el mismo sensor, lado motor y ∆t: Tiempo entre pulsos lado motor-lado generador
K: es una constante que se determina ensayando la barra de torsión, aplicando un momento torsor conocido y midiendo el ángulo que se deforma. Los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora (postergados en parte por la Pandemia) se ha enfocado en hallar la constante K. Como conclusión podemos afirmar que el método es de bajo costo, de sencilla aplicación en el laboratorio LEEA. Los pasos
a seguir, establecer una tabla de errores para distintos estados de carga, tomando como patrón de comparación un medidor de torque de clase 0,2.
The objective of this work is the adaptation and implementation in the Applied Energy Efficiency Laboratory (LEEA) of the UTN La Plata, of a novel measurement method developed by researchers from the University of Durham (United Kingdom) and the Universidad Politécnica delle Marche (Italy) . is method allows to determine the mechanical power in the sha of an asynchronous electric motor by opto electric means, and in the LEEA it will be used to determine the energy efficiency for different load states. ese tests are carried out with 2.4 kW De Lorenzo equipment belonging to the Electrical Machines Laboratory To determine the energy efficiency of the motor, the methodology is based on the measurement of the electrical power consumed and the mechanical power that an electric motor delivers on its axis. To measure the electrical power, a Fluke 235 power and energy meter is used and to obtain the power in the motor sha, the torsional deformation that occurs in a metal rod that links the motor under test with a variable mechanical load on the sha is measured. It is proportional to the torque. e torsional deformation is obtained by photoelectric sensors located at each of the ends of the metal bar. e main equation used is: Time between pulses of a complete revolution measured on the same sensor, motor side and ∆t: Time between pulses motor side-generator side K: is a constant that is determined by testing the torsion bar, applying a known torque and measuring the angle of deformation. e results obtained so far (postponed in part by the Pandemic) have focused on finding the constant K. In conclusion, we can affirm that the method is low cost, easy to apply in the LEEA laboratory. e steps to follow, is establish an error table for different load states, taking a class 0.2 torque meter as a comparison pattern.
The objective of this work is the adaptation and implementation in the Applied Energy Efficiency Laboratory (LEEA) of the UTN La Plata, of a novel measurement method developed by researchers from the University of Durham (United Kingdom) and the Universidad Politécnica delle Marche (Italy) . is method allows to determine the mechanical power in the sha of an asynchronous electric motor by opto electric means, and in the LEEA it will be used to determine the energy efficiency for different load states. ese tests are carried out with 2.4 kW De Lorenzo equipment belonging to the Electrical Machines Laboratory To determine the energy efficiency of the motor, the methodology is based on the measurement of the electrical power consumed and the mechanical power that an electric motor delivers on its axis. To measure the electrical power, a Fluke 235 power and energy meter is used and to obtain the power in the motor sha, the torsional deformation that occurs in a metal rod that links the motor under test with a variable mechanical load on the sha is measured. It is proportional to the torque. e torsional deformation is obtained by photoelectric sensors located at each of the ends of the metal bar. e main equation used is: Time between pulses of a complete revolution measured on the same sensor, motor side and ∆t: Time between pulses motor side-generator side K: is a constant that is determined by testing the torsion bar, applying a known torque and measuring the angle of deformation. e results obtained so far (postponed in part by the Pandemic) have focused on finding the constant K. In conclusion, we can affirm that the method is low cost, easy to apply in the LEEA laboratory. e steps to follow, is establish an error table for different load states, taking a class 0.2 torque meter as a comparison pattern.
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Keywords
Determinación, Eficiencia, Motores Eléctricos, Método opto-eléctrico
Citation
Maccarone, J. L., Amoresano, C., Osvaldo, P., Gil, M., Abraham, A., Arozamena, G., & Bifano, L. (2022). Implementación del ensayo para calcular la eficiencia de un motor de hasta 2,4 kW en función de la determinación de la potencia mecánica en el eje, por medios opto-eléctricos. Ingenio Tecnológico, 4, e032. Recuperado a partir de https://ingenio.frlp.utn.edu.ar/index.php/ingenio/article/view/72
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