Estudio de inserción de una flota de buses eléctricos en una red de distribución típica utilizando Pandapower
Date
2022-11-25
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
VI SeNE
Abstract
Distintas políticas gubernamentales pretenden incentivar el uso de la movilidad eléctrica como maniobra de pugna contra la contaminación ambiental derivada del sector del transporte. La transición de buses convencionales de transporte de pasajeros a buses eléctricos es una alternativa con elevado potencial para direccionar los primeros escenarios de cambio hacia una movilidad sustentable. No obstante, los perfiles de demanda de energía de flotas de buses eléctricos pueden contribuir significativamente al desmejoramiento de la calidad del servicio en las redes de distribución.
Dentro del contexto expuesto, en el presente trabajo se pretende estudiar el impacto en la red de la transición de una flota de buses convencionales hacia otra de buses eléctricos. Con este fin se modelaron distribuidores de una red de distribución urbana estándar, los cuales abastecerán las nuevas demandas en análisis. Los distribuidores se caracterizan con sus perfiles de carga semanales representativos para escenarios de demanda de invierno y verano. Se adopta como unidad de estudio a la ciudad de Santo Tomé (Santa Fe, Argentina). Para las etapas de modelado y simulación de la red eléctrica se hace uso del paquete panda-power de Python. Por otra parte, se propone una metodología de selección de tecnologías de sistemas de carga para los depósitos de buses eléctricos. Se adoptan dos modelos de buses eléctricos con características similares en lo relativo a cantidad de pasajeros que admiten los buses convencionales disponibles actualmente. En base a la condición actual de la flota de buses convencionales que componen el transporte urbano de pasajeros de la zona de estudio, se determinan las distancias diarias típicas de recorrido y los tiempos y horarios de los distintos recorridos. Luego, se estiman los consumos de energia de los buses eléctricos y se construyen sus perfiles de carga, según las estrategias y tecnologías de carga de baterías seleccionadas considerando una demanda de potencia en función del estado de carga de las baterías de los buses eléctricos. Por último, se realizan simulaciones de flujos de potencia con la incorporación de la demanda de potencia modelada de las flotas de buses eléctricos y se determina su impacto en las condiciones de operación de la red. Los resultados obteni-dos muestran que el reemplazo de buses convencionales por eléctricos se puede realizar sin ocasionar problemas en los niveles de operación de la red. Solo para alguna variante parti-cular, puede requerirse la instalación de una subestación transformadora que abastezca la demanda particular de la recarga de buses eléctricos.
Different government policies pretend to encourage the use of electric mobility as a ma-neuver to combat environmental pollution derived from the transport sector. The transition from conventional passenger transport buses to electric buses is an alternative with high potential to direct the first scenarios of change towards sustainable mobility. However, the energy demand profiles of electric bus fleets can contribute significantly to the deteriora-tion of the quality of service in distribution networks. Within the exposed context, in the present work it is prekended to study the impact on the network of the transition from a fleet of conventional buses to another of electric buses. To this end, distributors of a standard urban distribution network were modeled, which will supply the new demands under analysis. The distributors are characterized with their repre-sentative weekly load profiles for winter and summer demand scenarios. The city of Santo Tomé (Santa Fe, Argentina) is adopted as the study unit. For the modeling and simulation stages of the electrical network, the pandapower package of Python is used. On the other hand, a methodology for selecting charging system technologies for electric bus depots is proposed. Two models of electric buses with similar characteristics in terms of the number of passengers that the currently available conventional buses admit are adopted. Based on the current condition of the fleet of conventional buses that make up urban passenger trans-port in the study area, the typical daily travel distances and the times and schedules of the different routes are determined. Then, the energy consumption of the electric buses is esti-mated, and their load profiles are built, according to the selected battery charging strategies and technologies, considering a power demand based on the state of charge of the electric bus batteries. Finally, simulations of power flows are carried out with the incorporation of the modeled power demand of the electric bus fleets and their impact on the operating conditions of the network is determined. The results obtained show that the replacement of conventional buses by electric ones can be carried out without causing problems in the levels of operation of the network. Only for some variant, the installation of a transformer substation that supplies the demand of the recharge of the electric buses may be required.
Different government policies pretend to encourage the use of electric mobility as a ma-neuver to combat environmental pollution derived from the transport sector. The transition from conventional passenger transport buses to electric buses is an alternative with high potential to direct the first scenarios of change towards sustainable mobility. However, the energy demand profiles of electric bus fleets can contribute significantly to the deteriora-tion of the quality of service in distribution networks. Within the exposed context, in the present work it is prekended to study the impact on the network of the transition from a fleet of conventional buses to another of electric buses. To this end, distributors of a standard urban distribution network were modeled, which will supply the new demands under analysis. The distributors are characterized with their repre-sentative weekly load profiles for winter and summer demand scenarios. The city of Santo Tomé (Santa Fe, Argentina) is adopted as the study unit. For the modeling and simulation stages of the electrical network, the pandapower package of Python is used. On the other hand, a methodology for selecting charging system technologies for electric bus depots is proposed. Two models of electric buses with similar characteristics in terms of the number of passengers that the currently available conventional buses admit are adopted. Based on the current condition of the fleet of conventional buses that make up urban passenger trans-port in the study area, the typical daily travel distances and the times and schedules of the different routes are determined. Then, the energy consumption of the electric buses is esti-mated, and their load profiles are built, according to the selected battery charging strategies and technologies, considering a power demand based on the state of charge of the electric bus batteries. Finally, simulations of power flows are carried out with the incorporation of the modeled power demand of the electric bus fleets and their impact on the operating conditions of the network is determined. The results obtained show that the replacement of conventional buses by electric ones can be carried out without causing problems in the levels of operation of the network. Only for some variant, the installation of a transformer substation that supplies the demand of the recharge of the electric buses may be required.
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Keywords
Bus eléctrico, Cargador, Perfil de cargas, Cargabilidad, Electric bus, Charger, Load Profiles, Chargeability
Citation
Lucero, F.; Perdomo, M.; Manassero, U.; Rossi, L. D. & Banegas, J. M. (24 y 25 de noviembre de 2022). Estudio de inserción de una flota de buses eléctricos en una red de distribución típica utilizando Pandapower. XI Seminario Nacional de “Energía y su Uso Eficiente” (SeNE 2022), UTN F.R. Mendoza, Argentina.
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