Metodología de implementación del SGEn en PyMes basado en la gestión del conocimiento
Date
2021-11
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Abstract
Los sistemas productivos deben alcanzar un óptimo en el uso de los recursos puestos en
juego. Sin lugar a dudas, uno de los recursos más importantes es la energía. Toda organiza ción productiva, tanto de bienes como de servicios, si intenta ser competitiva en un merca do, deberá implementar sistemas de gestión de la energía. La gestión de la energía no tiene las mismas implicancias en las PyMEs, que en las gran des empresas. Una empresa de cierta envergadura, tendrá seguramente un área específica
dedicada a Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad, Seguridad, Medio Ambiente y Energía. En empresas pequeñas, en donde se resuelve el día a día, muchas veces no se hace foco en la mejora continua y la optimización. En estos casos, la implementación de sistemas de gestión presenta dificultades. De acuerdo a la CDE/IEA(2015) los motivos más recurrentes por los que se dificulta la implementación son:
• Información limitada sobre opciones de mejoras de Eficiencia Energética
• Limitaciones en capacidades técnicas para identificar e implementar proyectos.
• Dificultad de acceso al capital para financiar las mejoras. Son estas barreras las que se deben evaluar de forma de poder eliminarlas, mitigarlas o contrarrestarlas. De lo expuesto anteriormente, y en pos de contrarrestar la falta de información con la que cuentan las pequeñas y medianas empresas, surge la necesidad de trabajar en un modelo metodológico para facilitar la implementación de la gestión de la energía en PyMEs. Se pretende no limitarse a una normativa existente, sino generar una metodología alternativa basándose en los puntos más relevantes de la norma ISO -IRAM 50001 y complementarla,
además, con el concepto de “Gestión del Conocimiento”. De esta manera, se podría contribuir para que, con acciones de baja o nula inversión, las empresas obtengan conocimiento en Eficiencia Energética, pero, además, que logren valorar, gestionar y compartir ese conocimiento a fin de que sea utilizado de manera efectiva para la toma de decisiones. Esto se traducirá en un ahorro energético y en una mejora en la
productividad energética y en la competitividad de la organización.
The productive systems must achieve the optimal utilization of their resources. Undoubtedly, one of those main resources is energy. If a productive organization, either of goods or services, tries to be competitive in a market, it will certainly have to implement energy management systems. The implementation of the energy management systems does not have the same impli cations for SMEs as it has for large companies. A significantly important company will su rely have a specific area devoted to quality, safety, energy and environmental management systems. Small companies, whose problems need daily solutions, can hardly ever focus on ongoing improvement and optimization. Therefore, the implementation of management systems presents difficulties and, according to the OCDE/IEA(2015), this is due to the following most recurrent reasons: • Limited information about Energy Efficiency upgrade options. • Limitations in technical capabilities to identify and implement projects • Difficulty in accessing capital to finance improvements. These are the barriers that must be evaluated in order to eliminate, mitigate or counteract them. Consequently, due to the lack of information small and medium sized companies have, it is necessary to work on a methodological model to implement energy management in SMEs. Our intention is not to restrict ourselves to complying with the existing standards, but to create an alternative methodology based on the most relevant key components of ISO-IRAM 50001 standards and complement it with the concept of "Knowledge Management". Therefore, either with minimum or no investment, it could be possible to help compa nies not only gain knowledge in Energy Efficiency but also value, manage and share that knowledge and achieve effective decision-making. This will lead companies to save energy and improve energy productivity as well as enhance their competitiveness.
The productive systems must achieve the optimal utilization of their resources. Undoubtedly, one of those main resources is energy. If a productive organization, either of goods or services, tries to be competitive in a market, it will certainly have to implement energy management systems. The implementation of the energy management systems does not have the same impli cations for SMEs as it has for large companies. A significantly important company will su rely have a specific area devoted to quality, safety, energy and environmental management systems. Small companies, whose problems need daily solutions, can hardly ever focus on ongoing improvement and optimization. Therefore, the implementation of management systems presents difficulties and, according to the OCDE/IEA(2015), this is due to the following most recurrent reasons: • Limited information about Energy Efficiency upgrade options. • Limitations in technical capabilities to identify and implement projects • Difficulty in accessing capital to finance improvements. These are the barriers that must be evaluated in order to eliminate, mitigate or counteract them. Consequently, due to the lack of information small and medium sized companies have, it is necessary to work on a methodological model to implement energy management in SMEs. Our intention is not to restrict ourselves to complying with the existing standards, but to create an alternative methodology based on the most relevant key components of ISO-IRAM 50001 standards and complement it with the concept of "Knowledge Management". Therefore, either with minimum or no investment, it could be possible to help compa nies not only gain knowledge in Energy Efficiency but also value, manage and share that knowledge and achieve effective decision-making. This will lead companies to save energy and improve energy productivity as well as enhance their competitiveness.
Description
Keywords
Gestión energética, PyMEs, Barreras, Gestión del conocimiento, Energy management, SMEs, Implementation barriers, Knowledge management
Citation
X Seminario Nacional Virtual “Energía y su uso eficiente”
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