Revisión de los métodos en el cálculo del costo de deuda como componente de la tasa de descuento en proyectos de inversión en pequeñas y medianas empresas
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2015-04-01
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Abstract
Este trabajo releva la literatura sobre el cálculo del costo de deuda de una pequeña o mediana
empresa (PyMEs), no cotizante en Bolsa, identificando tres metodologías. La primera consiste en
el cálculo del costo promedio ponderado de deuda, que relaciona los costos de deuda de contra-
to, y su peso relativo en el total de la deuda. La segunda consiste en un modelo enfocado en el
análisis tanto de los flujos y plazos, como de los gastos asociados a los contratos, para calcular el
costo financiero total. Por último, el tercer modelo parte de una discriminación y ponderación de
los costos de deuda particulares, incorporando además el costo de los alquileres de activos fijos
que contrata la empresa. El análisis indica la importancia que tiene para las pequeñas o medianas
empresas el correcto análisis y evaluación de la estructura de financiamiento de sus proyectos,
debido a que las condiciones contractuales y el entorno tienen un rol crítico en la determinación
del costo financiero total.
This work relieves the literature on the calculation of the cost of debt of a small or medium enterprises (SMEs), which does not operate on the stock market, identifying three methodo- logies. The first consists in calculating the weighted average cost of debt, which debt related costs established in the contract, and their relative weight in the total debt. The second is a model focused on the analysis of both flows and deadlines, as the costs associated with con- tracts, to calculate the total financial cost. Finally, the third model discriminates and weighing of the costs of private debt, also incorporating the cost of leasing assets that the company hires. The analysis indicates the importance for small and medium businesses, the correct analysis and evaluation of the structure of financing their projects, because the contractual conditions and environment play a critical role in determining the total financial cost.
This work relieves the literature on the calculation of the cost of debt of a small or medium enterprises (SMEs), which does not operate on the stock market, identifying three methodo- logies. The first consists in calculating the weighted average cost of debt, which debt related costs established in the contract, and their relative weight in the total debt. The second is a model focused on the analysis of both flows and deadlines, as the costs associated with con- tracts, to calculate the total financial cost. Finally, the third model discriminates and weighing of the costs of private debt, also incorporating the cost of leasing assets that the company hires. The analysis indicates the importance for small and medium businesses, the correct analysis and evaluation of the structure of financing their projects, because the contractual conditions and environment play a critical role in determining the total financial cost.
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Keywords
tasa de descuento, costo de deuda, costo promedio ponderado de capital, proyectos de inversión, pymes, discount rate, cost of debt, weighted average cost of capital, investment projects, smes
Citation
Proyecciones, Vol.13 No. 1
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