Analytic circuit model for thermal drying behavior of electronic inks
Date
2023-01-23
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Abstract
Understanding the sintering process of conductive inks is a fundamental step in
the development of sensors. The intrinsic properties (such as thermal
conductivity, resistivity, thermal coefficient, among others) of the printed
devices do not correspond to those of the bulk materials. In the field of
biosensors porosity plays a predominant role, since it defines the difference
between the geometric area of the working electrode and its electrochemical
surface area. The analysis reported so far in the literature on the sintering of inks
are based on their DC characterization. In this work, the shape and distribution
of the nanoparticles that make up the silver ink have been studied employing a
transmission electron microscopy. Images of the printed traces have been
obtained through a scanning electron microscope at different sintering times,
allowing to observe how the material decreases its porosity over time. These
structural changes were supported through electrical measurements of the
change in the trace impedance as a function of drying time. The resistivity and
thermal coefficient of the printed tracks were analyzed and compared with the
values of bulk silver. Finally, this work proposes an analytical circuit model of the
drying behavior of the ink based on AC characterization at different frequencies.
The characterization considers an initial time when the spheric nanoparticles
are still surrounded by the capping agent until the conductive trace is obtained.
This model can estimate the characteristics that the printed devices would have,
whether they are used as biosensors (porous material) or as interconnections
(compact material) in printed electronics
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