Enseñanza de las Ciencias naturales: un desafío a nivel mundial. El caso particular de enseñanza de la química
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2008-10-01
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Abstract
Los países ricos con enormes recursos de infraestructura, económicos y tecnológicos para la
enseñanza, no logran despertar el interés de sus alumnos por las ciencias naturales, en especial
por la Química.
En este trabajo, en primer término, se analizan propuestas de superación que resultan reduccionistas, tales como: hacer que los estudiantes apliquen el “método científico”; hacer un listado
con los contenidos “necesarios” y enseñarlos “bien”; hacer prácticas de laboratorio; evaluar sosteniendo niveles de exigencia y capacitar a los docentes.
Seguidamente, se presentan aportes para comprender algunos orígenes de las dificultades que
enfrentan los estudiantes al tener que aprender ciencias naturales, tales como las diferencias
entre información y conocimiento, y el papel de los lenguajes expertos, los modelos mentales y
los modelos explícitos, como interfases de la comunicación entre expertos y novatos.
Wealthy countries with huge amounts of educational infrastructure, economical and technological resources do not achieve to enhance their students ́ motivation towards science subjects; espe- cially towards Chemistry. In the first part of this paper, simplistic proposals to overcome this situation are analysed. Such proposals are: to make students to follow a “scientific method”; to make a good list of “neces- sary” subjects to be taught; to make lab practices; to maintain assessment within high quality standards and to qualify science teachers. In the last part of this paper, some research-based proposals are presented in order to under- stand the origin of students ́ difficulties to learn natural sciences. Those approaches concern differentiation between information and knowledge, and the roll of languages and mental and explicit models as communicational mediators between professors and students.
Wealthy countries with huge amounts of educational infrastructure, economical and technological resources do not achieve to enhance their students ́ motivation towards science subjects; espe- cially towards Chemistry. In the first part of this paper, simplistic proposals to overcome this situation are analysed. Such proposals are: to make students to follow a “scientific method”; to make a good list of “neces- sary” subjects to be taught; to make lab practices; to maintain assessment within high quality standards and to qualify science teachers. In the last part of this paper, some research-based proposals are presented in order to under- stand the origin of students ́ difficulties to learn natural sciences. Those approaches concern differentiation between information and knowledge, and the roll of languages and mental and explicit models as communicational mediators between professors and students.
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enseñanza de las ciencias, aprendizaje de las ciencias, science teaching, learning of science
Citation
Proyecciones, Vol.6 No. 2
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