Generación de mesoporosidad en zeolitas ZSM-11, Beta E y por tratamiento alcalino.
Date
2016
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Abstract
Las zeolitas Y, ZSM-11 y BETA, ampliamente usadas en refinerías y procesos petroquímicos, química fina y procesos ambientales fueron sometidas a un tratamiento alcalino de desilicación con el fin de generar mesoporosidad en la estructura. El sistema de microporos de estos materiales las convierte en verdaderos tamices moleculares, con gran selectividad de forma y funcionalidad química. Esto, a su vez, puede limitar su aplicación debido a problemas difusionales de los reactivos y productos de interés. Otro problema que ocurre es la desactivación por bloqueo de los poros, debido a la formación de productos de mayor tamaño dentro de los mismos. Mientras que, materiales mesoporosos, encuentran limitada su aplicación debido a que poseen menor acidez y baja estabilidad hidrotérmica. Por esto resulta de gran interés la preparación de materiales catalíticos con doble sistema de poros: micro/mesoporos. El proceso de desilicación utilizado consistió en tratar las muestras con una solución acuosa de NaOH a 60º C durante 30 minutos. Luego se realizó un intercambio con NH4Cl, seguido por desorción en corriente de N2 y posterior calcinación a 500º C. Las muestras tratadas fueron evaluadas por diferentes técnicas tales como XRD, ICP, SEM, área superficial por método BET, área específica externa y volumen de microporo por método t-plot, distribución de tamaño de poro por el método BJH, análisis de sitios ácidos por TPD de amoníaco. Este tratamiento alcalino produjo en los materiales zeolíticos una fase mesoporosa con arreglo hexagonal y tamaño de poro definido, coexistiendo con la fase cristalina remanente. La generación de mesoporos, por método de tratamiento alcalino, está directamente relacionado con la extracción preferencial de Si en la red con respecto al Al, por lo que se produjo una disminución de la relación Si/Al. Las zeolitas con relación Si/Al más alta, mostraron una mayor estabilidad de la estructura al tratamiento realizado.
Zeolites Y, ZSM-11 and BETA, widely used in refineries and petrochemical processes, fine chemestry and environmental processes were subjected to an alkali treatment called desilication in order to generate mesoporosity in the structure. The micropore system of these materials turns them in real molecular sieves with high shape selectivity and chemical functionality. At the same time, this may limit its application because of reagents and products diffusional problems. Another issue that occurs is the deactivation by pore blockage, due to the formation of larger products within them. Instead, mesoporous materials are limited in their application because they have lower acidity and low hydrothermal stability. Therefore it results of great interest the preparation of catalytic materials with double pore system: micro/mesoporous. The desilication process consisted in treat the samples with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 60° C for 30 minutes. Further, they were exchanged with NH4Cl, followed by desorption in N2 flow and finally calcined at 500 ° C. The treated samples were evaluated by different techniques such as XRD, ICP, SEM, total surface area by BET method, specific external area and micropore volume by t-plot method, pore size distribution by the BJH method, acid sites analysis by TPD of ammonia. This alkali treatment in zeolitic materials produced a mesoporous phase with an hexagonal arrangement and defined pore size, coexisting with the remaining crystalline phase. The mesopores generated by alkali treatment method, are directly related to the preferential extraction of Si in the network with respect to Al, so there was a decrease of Si/Al ratio. Zeolites with higher Si/Al ratio showed greater structure stability to this treatment.
Zeolites Y, ZSM-11 and BETA, widely used in refineries and petrochemical processes, fine chemestry and environmental processes were subjected to an alkali treatment called desilication in order to generate mesoporosity in the structure. The micropore system of these materials turns them in real molecular sieves with high shape selectivity and chemical functionality. At the same time, this may limit its application because of reagents and products diffusional problems. Another issue that occurs is the deactivation by pore blockage, due to the formation of larger products within them. Instead, mesoporous materials are limited in their application because they have lower acidity and low hydrothermal stability. Therefore it results of great interest the preparation of catalytic materials with double pore system: micro/mesoporous. The desilication process consisted in treat the samples with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 60° C for 30 minutes. Further, they were exchanged with NH4Cl, followed by desorption in N2 flow and finally calcined at 500 ° C. The treated samples were evaluated by different techniques such as XRD, ICP, SEM, total surface area by BET method, specific external area and micropore volume by t-plot method, pore size distribution by the BJH method, acid sites analysis by TPD of ammonia. This alkali treatment in zeolitic materials produced a mesoporous phase with an hexagonal arrangement and defined pore size, coexisting with the remaining crystalline phase. The mesopores generated by alkali treatment method, are directly related to the preferential extraction of Si in the network with respect to Al, so there was a decrease of Si/Al ratio. Zeolites with higher Si/Al ratio showed greater structure stability to this treatment.
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Keywords
Micro-mesoporosidad, NaOH, Jerarquización zeolitas
Citation
16° Congreso Internacional de Metalurgia y Materiales (2016).
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