“Análisis ergonómico del puesto de trabajo de una odontóloga especialista en ortodoncia”
Date
2025-03-06
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Escuela de Posgrado FRBA
Abstract
El presente estudio se orientó en la identificación del origen de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) en el puesto de trabajo de una odontóloga, especialista en ortodoncia. La intervención de la ergonomía tuvo como objetivo principal determinar los aspectos más significativos en la incidencia de los TME, con el objetivo de modificar la actividad laboral a través de las recomendaciones para que la tarea sea lo más eficaz y eficiente posible. El modelo en el que se apoyó este estudio es un modelo conceptual planteado por el Consejo Nacional para la Investigación y el Instituto de Medicina, en el marco del Panel sobre TME y el lugar de trabajo celebrado en el año 2001, que permitió identificar factores individuales, psicosociales, biomecánicos y organizacionales los cuales están íntimamente relacionados con la producción de TME, y adopción de posturas forzadas. La recopilación de datos se realizó de manera subjetiva fue a través de las observaciones, entrevistas y verbalizaciones, y de forma objetiva con los métodos NASA TLX, diagrama de Corlett y Bishop, RULA y REBA junto al software Kinovea; los cuales determinaron que está expuesta a un nivel entre medio y alto a sufrir TME. Estos resultados expresaron que el trabajo no es solo la relación entre la odontóloga y su paciente, sino que existen muchos factores influyentes y condicionantes en la tarea, generando posturas inadecuadas, movimientos repetitivos, fatiga muscular y visual, agotamiento, frustración, sobrecarga unilateral de miembro superior, lo que provoca mayor tensión en ciertos grupos musculares, con la consecuente generación de TME.
The present study focused on identifying the origin of musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) in the workplace of a dentist specializing in orthodontics. The main objective of the ergonomics intervention was to determine the most significant aspects in the incidence of MSDs, with the aim of modifying the work activity through recommendations to make the task as effective and efficient as possible. The model on which this study was based is a conceptual model proposed by the National Council for Research and the Institute of Medicine, within the framework of the Panel on MSDs and the workplace held in 2001, which made it possible to identify individual, psychosocial, biomechanical and organizational factors which are closely related to the production of MSDs. and adoption of forced postures. Data collection was carried out subjectively through observations, interviews and verbalizations, and objectively with the NASA TLX, Corlett and Bishop diagram, RULA and REBA methods together with the Kinovea software, which determined that she is exposed to a medium to high level to suffer from MSDs. These results expressed that the work is not only the relationship between the dentist and her patient, but that there are many influencing and conditioning factors in the task, generating inappropriate postures, repetitive movements, muscle and visual fatigue, exhaustion, frustration, unilateral overload of the upper limb, which causes greater tension in certain muscle groups, with the consequent generation of MSDs.
The present study focused on identifying the origin of musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) in the workplace of a dentist specializing in orthodontics. The main objective of the ergonomics intervention was to determine the most significant aspects in the incidence of MSDs, with the aim of modifying the work activity through recommendations to make the task as effective and efficient as possible. The model on which this study was based is a conceptual model proposed by the National Council for Research and the Institute of Medicine, within the framework of the Panel on MSDs and the workplace held in 2001, which made it possible to identify individual, psychosocial, biomechanical and organizational factors which are closely related to the production of MSDs. and adoption of forced postures. Data collection was carried out subjectively through observations, interviews and verbalizations, and objectively with the NASA TLX, Corlett and Bishop diagram, RULA and REBA methods together with the Kinovea software, which determined that she is exposed to a medium to high level to suffer from MSDs. These results expressed that the work is not only the relationship between the dentist and her patient, but that there are many influencing and conditioning factors in the task, generating inappropriate postures, repetitive movements, muscle and visual fatigue, exhaustion, frustration, unilateral overload of the upper limb, which causes greater tension in certain muscle groups, with the consequent generation of MSDs.
Description
Keywords
Ergonomía, TME (trastorno musculoesquelético), odontología, postura forzada.