El proceso de toma de decisiones en la nacionalización de autopartes
Date
2024
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Abstract
En los últimos veinte años se ha observado un proceso de creciente internacionalización de la
producción automotriz mundial que ha llevado a las empresas terminales a profundizar el despliegue
geográfico y la integración internacional de su producción a efectos de fortalecer su presencia en
mercados de mayor potencial.
En este sentido, una de las decisiones estratégicas más importantes dentro de un proyecto de
fabricación de automóviles, implica determinar cuáles serán las fuentes de aprovisionamiento de
autopartes más convenientes, ya que de dicho proceso depende en gran medida el nivel de
competitividad del producto final. El particular comportamiento que presentan ciertas variables y las
características específicas de las políticas industriales de cada región obliga a las empresas a
desarrollar herramientas adaptadas a las características económicas propias del país en el que opera.
Los criterios que tienen en cuenta las terminales automotrices para evaluar la nacionalización de
autopartes abarcan una amplia gama de factores que incluyen cuestiones técnicas, de calidad, de
costos y de capacidad logística.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar cada una de las variables propias que pueden
impactar en términos de costos sobre el proceso de nacionalización de una autoparte y evaluar los
mecanismos y herramientas que se utilizan para la toma de ésta decisión trascendental a nivel
internacional y local. Finalmente se propone desarrollar una herramienta multicriterio que pueda ser
de aplicación en terminales automotrices de nuestro país.
In the last twenty years, a process of growing internationalization of global automotive production has been observed, which has led terminal companies to deepen the geographical deployment and international integration of their production in order to strengthen their presence in markets with greater potential. In this sense, one of the most important strategic decisions within an automobile manufacturing project involves determining which will be the most convenient sources of auto parts supply, since the level of competitiveness of the final product largely depends on this process. The particular behavior of certain variables and the specific characteristics of the industrial policies of each region force companies to develop tools adapted to the economic characteristics of the country in which they operate. The criteria that automotive terminals take into account to evaluate the nationalization of auto parts cover a wide range of factors that include technical, quality, cost and logistical capacity issues. The objective of this work is to identify each of the variables that can impact in terms of costs on the process of nationalization of an auto part and evaluate the mechanisms and tools that are used to make this transcendental decision at an international and local level. Finally, it is proposed to develop a multi-criteria tool that can be applied in automotive terminals in our country.
In the last twenty years, a process of growing internationalization of global automotive production has been observed, which has led terminal companies to deepen the geographical deployment and international integration of their production in order to strengthen their presence in markets with greater potential. In this sense, one of the most important strategic decisions within an automobile manufacturing project involves determining which will be the most convenient sources of auto parts supply, since the level of competitiveness of the final product largely depends on this process. The particular behavior of certain variables and the specific characteristics of the industrial policies of each region force companies to develop tools adapted to the economic characteristics of the country in which they operate. The criteria that automotive terminals take into account to evaluate the nationalization of auto parts cover a wide range of factors that include technical, quality, cost and logistical capacity issues. The objective of this work is to identify each of the variables that can impact in terms of costs on the process of nationalization of an auto part and evaluate the mechanisms and tools that are used to make this transcendental decision at an international and local level. Finally, it is proposed to develop a multi-criteria tool that can be applied in automotive terminals in our country.
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Keywords
nacionalización, mulicriterio, autopartes, decisión
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