Tratamiento de efluentes de la industria olivícola. Una aproximación hacia su disposición final
Date
2019
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Abstract
Durante la elaboración de aceitunas se utilizan grandes caudales de agua, que generan efluentes con
elevada carga orgánica, sales, pH alcalino, alta concentración de cloruros y polifenoles. Éstos se
consideran tóxicos para vegetales, animales y microorganismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue
comparar el desempeño de distintos materiales, adsorbentes y coagulantes, en cuanto al tratamiento de
los efluentes de aceitunas verdes de una industria representativa del noroeste de Córdoba, con el fin de
acondicionarlos para etapas posteriores de tratamiento. Se compararon carbón activado, en
concentraciones de 20 y 40 g/L como material adsorbente y cloruro férrico, como agente coagulante.
Las propiedades estudiadas sobre los efluentes tratados fueron pH, concentración de fenoles totales y
evolución de la turbidez. El material que demostró mayor adaptación del pH a los valores establecidos
por la Norma reguladora, en conjunción con la mayor reducción de la concentración de fenoles totales,
fue el carbón activado con concentración de 40 g/L. Los resultados obtenidos permiten avanzar en el
acondicionamiento del efluente para continuar con la siguiente fase del tratamiento, en la que se
considerarán procesos avanzados de oxidación.
In the elaboration of olives great water flows are used, this effluents content a high organic load, salts, alkaline pH, elevated concentration of chlorides and polyphenols. These are considered toxic to vegetables, animals and microorganisms. The objective of this work was to compare the performance of different materials, adsorbent and coagulant, in green olive effluents from a representative industry in northwestern Córdoba, for to condition them for later stages of treatment. Activated carbon, in concentrations of 20 and 40 g / L was compared as adsorbent material and ferric chloride, as a coagulating agent. pH, total phenols concentration and evolution of turbidity were studied. Activated carbon with a concentration of 40 g / L showed the greatest adaptation of the pH to the values established by the regulatory standard, in conjunction with the greatest reduction in the concentration of total phenols. Obtained results allow to advance in the conditioning of the effluent to continue with the next phase of the treatment; in which advanced oxidation processes will be considered.
In the elaboration of olives great water flows are used, this effluents content a high organic load, salts, alkaline pH, elevated concentration of chlorides and polyphenols. These are considered toxic to vegetables, animals and microorganisms. The objective of this work was to compare the performance of different materials, adsorbent and coagulant, in green olive effluents from a representative industry in northwestern Córdoba, for to condition them for later stages of treatment. Activated carbon, in concentrations of 20 and 40 g / L was compared as adsorbent material and ferric chloride, as a coagulating agent. pH, total phenols concentration and evolution of turbidity were studied. Activated carbon with a concentration of 40 g / L showed the greatest adaptation of the pH to the values established by the regulatory standard, in conjunction with the greatest reduction in the concentration of total phenols. Obtained results allow to advance in the conditioning of the effluent to continue with the next phase of the treatment; in which advanced oxidation processes will be considered.
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Tratamiento de efluentes, Aceitunas verdes, Materiales adsorbente y coagulante
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