Estudio sobre las tareas de mantenimiento y su impacto en la salud de los trabajadores de un barrio cerrado tipo country.
Date
2024-10-15
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Escuela de Posgrado. Facultad Regional Buenos AIres
Abstract
El presente estudio se centra en identificar el efecto de las tareas de mantenimiento sobre la salud de los trabajadores y sugerir acciones preventivas o correctivas para minimizar su impacto. Para la recolección de datos, primero, se utilizó entrevistas semiestructuradas, esto permitió recolectar datos cualitativos sobre: experiencias, percepciones de riesgo y estrategias de trabajo personal. Luego, se utilizó la observación directa, esto incluyó el registro de postura y factores de riesgo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos asociados con movimientos repetitivos y posturas forzadas. Seguidamente, se implementó el formulario Nórdico para evaluar la prevalencia y la severidad de los problemas musculoesqueléticos entre los trabajadores. Finalmente, para evaluar la exposición directa a factores de clima y uso de elementos de protección personal se utilizó el Índice de estrés térmico, lo que permitió cuantificar el impacto de la exposición ambiental. El estudio reveló que los trabajadores están expuestos a factores de riesgo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y enfermedades. Por ello, se debe considerar realizar un abordaje sobre: una planificación de trabajo, la que debe incluir un análisis detallado de los equipos y elementos de protección personal utilizados por los trabajadores y las condiciones ambientales específicas de trabajo (protección contra radiación UV, temperaturas extremas, y vibraciones). Luego: la capacitación y auditoría, con el objetivo de asegurar que las medidas implementadas sean efectivas. Finalmente, la vigilancia médica, para identificar tempranamente los indicadores de salud que puedan anticipar el desarrollo de enfermedades profesionales.
The present study focuses on identifying the effect of maintenance tasks on workers' health and suggesting preventive or corrective actions to minimize their impact. To collect data, first, semi-structured interviews were used, this allowed qualitative data to be collected on: experiences, risk perceptions and personal work strategies. Next, direct observation was used, this included recording posture and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders associated with repetitive movements and awkward postures. Next, the Nordic form was implemented to assess the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal problems among workers. Finally, to evaluate direct exposure to climate factors and use of personal protection elements, the Thermal Stress Index was used, which made it possible to quantify the impact of environmental exposure. The study revealed that workers are exposed to risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. Therefore, an approach should be considered: work planning, which should include a detailed analysis of the equipment and personal protection elements used by workers and the specific environmental conditions of work (protection against UV radiation, extreme temperatures, and vibrations). Then: training and audit, with the aim of ensuring that the measures implemented are effective. Finally, medical surveillance, to early identify health indicators that may anticipate the development of occupational diseases.
The present study focuses on identifying the effect of maintenance tasks on workers' health and suggesting preventive or corrective actions to minimize their impact. To collect data, first, semi-structured interviews were used, this allowed qualitative data to be collected on: experiences, risk perceptions and personal work strategies. Next, direct observation was used, this included recording posture and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders associated with repetitive movements and awkward postures. Next, the Nordic form was implemented to assess the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal problems among workers. Finally, to evaluate direct exposure to climate factors and use of personal protection elements, the Thermal Stress Index was used, which made it possible to quantify the impact of environmental exposure. The study revealed that workers are exposed to risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. Therefore, an approach should be considered: work planning, which should include a detailed analysis of the equipment and personal protection elements used by workers and the specific environmental conditions of work (protection against UV radiation, extreme temperatures, and vibrations). Then: training and audit, with the aim of ensuring that the measures implemented are effective. Finally, medical surveillance, to early identify health indicators that may anticipate the development of occupational diseases.
Description
Keywords
Ergonómica – Mantenimiento - Barrio privado – Enfermedad profesional – Trastornos musculoesqueléticos - Lesiones en la Piel.