“Aportes desde un abordaje sistémico de la ergonomía al puesto de trabajo: corte y grabado láser”.
Date
2025-09-17
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Escuela de Posgrado FRBA
Abstract
El presente trabajo analiza un puesto de trabajo en una empresa monotributo dedicada al corte
y grabado láser en Montevideo, Uruguay. La problemática principal radica en la
superposición de tareas, la carga cognitiva y la organización espacial del entorno laboral, ya
que una sola persona es responsable de todas las actividades del proceso productivo,
incluyendo el diseño, la atención al cliente y la operación de la máquina. El objetivo del
estudio es explorar la actividad laboral desde un abordaje sistémico de la ergonomía, con
foco en los aspectos cognitivos y organizacionales, para identificar condicionantes que
afectan la jornada y proponer mejoras. Se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas,
como observaciones, entrevistas, grillas de tareas, layout del puesto, el método NASA-TLX y
una simulación 1:1 para validar propuestas de rediseño. Los principales resultados evidencian
una alta carga mental relacionada con la superposición de tareas y un diseño espacial que
incrementa los desplazamientos. Las propuestas de mejora, validadas con el trabajador,
permitieron optimizar el flujo de trabajo y reducir la carga cognitiva. El estudio contribuye al
campo de la ergonomía aplicada en pymes y emprendimientos unipersonales, un área aún
poco explorada en el contexto uruguayo.
This paper analyzes a job position in a single-employee company dedicated to laser cutting and engraving in Montevideo, Uruguay. The main problem lies in the overlapping of tasks, the cognitive load and the spacial organization of the work environment, since a single person is responsible for all the activities of the production process, including design, customer service and machine operation. The objective of the study is to explore the work activity from a systemic approach to ergonomics, focusing on cognitive and organizational aspects, in order to identify conditioning factors that affect the workday and propose improvements. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, such as observations, interviews, task grids, job layout, the NASA-TLX method and a 1:1 simulation to validate redesign proposals. The main results show a high mental workload related to the overlapping of tasks and a spatial design that increases displacements. The improvement proposals, validated with the worker, allowed optimizing the workflow and reducing the cognitive load. The study contributes to the field of ergonomics applied to SMEs and sole proprietorships, an area still little explored in the Uruguayan context.
This paper analyzes a job position in a single-employee company dedicated to laser cutting and engraving in Montevideo, Uruguay. The main problem lies in the overlapping of tasks, the cognitive load and the spacial organization of the work environment, since a single person is responsible for all the activities of the production process, including design, customer service and machine operation. The objective of the study is to explore the work activity from a systemic approach to ergonomics, focusing on cognitive and organizational aspects, in order to identify conditioning factors that affect the workday and propose improvements. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, such as observations, interviews, task grids, job layout, the NASA-TLX method and a 1:1 simulation to validate redesign proposals. The main results show a high mental workload related to the overlapping of tasks and a spatial design that increases displacements. The improvement proposals, validated with the worker, allowed optimizing the workflow and reducing the cognitive load. The study contributes to the field of ergonomics applied to SMEs and sole proprietorships, an area still little explored in the Uruguayan context.
Description
Keywords
Ergonomía, carga mental, superposición de tareas, organización del trabajo