Nanoarcillas sintéticas para ser empleadas en la valorización de glicerol a carbonato de glicerilo
Date
2019
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Abstract
El biodiesel se considera una alternativa verde para reducir las emisiones de carbono. Su producción está acompañada de un 10% en peso de glicerol como subproducto, por lo que resulta factible que pueda ser utilizado como materia prima renovable para favorecer económicamente el proceso. La conversión catalítica de glicerol hacia productos de mayor valor agregado, como el carbonato de glicerilo es una opción atractiva porque es una sustancia considerada como un sustituto verde de importantes compuestos derivados del petróleo como carbonato de etileno o carbonato de propileno. Además, presenta numerosas aplicaciones como disolvente polar de alto punto de ebullición, agente humectante para arcillas cosméticas y como disolvente para activos medicinales y productos de cuidado personal, etc. Una alternativa sustentable para producirlo es la transesterificación entre el glicerol y un alquil carbonato empleando catalizadores sólidos, en condiciones suaves de proceso. Dentro de los materiales asequibles para ser utilizados como catalizadores heterogéneos surgen los óxidos mixtos derivados de las nanoarcillas aniónicas sintéticas. Estos materiales presentan gran interés por la posibilidad de nano-diseño a medida, control de accesibilidad a sitios activos y muy bajo costo de síntesis. En este plan de tesis se sintetizarán arcillas aniónicas de Mg y Al, modificadas con Li, Cs, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc., con el fin de aumentar su actividad y selectividad para ser empleados en la valorización de glicerol para obtener carbonato de glicerilo, empleando procesos amigables con el medio ambiente.
The use of biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce carbon emissions. The production of biodiesel occurs with 10% w/w of glycerol as a byproduct, so it is desirable that it can be used as a renewable raw material to economically favor the process. The catalytic conversion of glycerol to products with higher added value, such as glyceryl carbonate, is an attractive option. It is considered as a green substitute for important petroleum-derived compounds such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. In addition, it has many applications such as high boiling polar solvent, moisturizing agent for cosmetic clays and as a solvent for medicinal assets and personal care products, etc. A sustainable way to produce glycerol carbonate is the transesterification between the glycerol and an alkyl carbonate through solid catalysts in smooth process conditions. Among the materials available to be used as heterogeneous catalysts, the mixed oxides derived from synthetic anionic nano-clays arise. These materials have the possibility of custom nano-design, access control to active sites and very low cost of synthesis. In this thesis plan anionic clays of Mg and Al, modified with Li, Cs, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc., will be synthesized in order to increase their activity and selectivity to the valorization of glycerol to obtain glycerol carbonate through a friendly environment process.
The use of biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce carbon emissions. The production of biodiesel occurs with 10% w/w of glycerol as a byproduct, so it is desirable that it can be used as a renewable raw material to economically favor the process. The catalytic conversion of glycerol to products with higher added value, such as glyceryl carbonate, is an attractive option. It is considered as a green substitute for important petroleum-derived compounds such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. In addition, it has many applications such as high boiling polar solvent, moisturizing agent for cosmetic clays and as a solvent for medicinal assets and personal care products, etc. A sustainable way to produce glycerol carbonate is the transesterification between the glycerol and an alkyl carbonate through solid catalysts in smooth process conditions. Among the materials available to be used as heterogeneous catalysts, the mixed oxides derived from synthetic anionic nano-clays arise. These materials have the possibility of custom nano-design, access control to active sites and very low cost of synthesis. In this thesis plan anionic clays of Mg and Al, modified with Li, Cs, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc., will be synthesized in order to increase their activity and selectivity to the valorization of glycerol to obtain glycerol carbonate through a friendly environment process.
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Glicerol, Carbonato de glicerol, Catálisis heterogénea, Óxidos mixtos, Glycerol, Glycerol carbonate, Heterogeneous catalysis, Mixed oxides
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