La física detrás de la evacuación de personas
Date
2018-10-01
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Abstract
Las catástrofes en eventos multitudinarios motivaron a investigadores en el área de las
ciencias físicas a estudiar (y eventualmente prevenir) los fenómenos que surgen cuando se
produce una situación de pánico. En particular, el modelo de Fuerza Social (SFM) es capaz
de describir con realismo el comportamiento colectivo de un conjunto de personas, agregando
los ingredientes específicos para cada situación. En este artículo seleccionamos tres
fenómenos relevantes que se pueden dar en situaciones de pánico. Éstos tienen consecuencias
paradojales, y que habitualmente se ignoran al momento de prevenir catástrofes. Los
fenómenos detallados son el faster is slower (más rápido es más lento), faster is faster (más
rápido es más rápido), clever is not always better (lo inteligente no es siempre mejor) y los
relacionados con sentimientos afectivos.
Disasters around multitudinous events called the attention of researchers in the field of Physics. Many were moved to study (and eventually prevent) phenomena associated to panic situations. Specifically, the Social Force Model (SFM) appears to be accurate enough for attaining the basics of the collective dynamics and seems to fit in a wide range of situations. This article focuses on three relevant phenomena somewhat paradoxical (and not entirely considered while designing evacuation strategies). The phenomena are: the faster is slower effect, faster is faster effect, the clever is not always better paradox, and effect related to attractive feelings between couples.
Disasters around multitudinous events called the attention of researchers in the field of Physics. Many were moved to study (and eventually prevent) phenomena associated to panic situations. Specifically, the Social Force Model (SFM) appears to be accurate enough for attaining the basics of the collective dynamics and seems to fit in a wide range of situations. This article focuses on three relevant phenomena somewhat paradoxical (and not entirely considered while designing evacuation strategies). The phenomena are: the faster is slower effect, faster is faster effect, the clever is not always better paradox, and effect related to attractive feelings between couples.
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Keywords
evacuación, pánico, bloqueo, modelo de fuerza social, evacuation, panic, blocking, social force model
Citation
Proyecciones, vol.16 nº. 2
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